Electric Cars in Colder Weather

How Cold Weather Affects EV Performance

EVs, like all battery-powered devices, experience reduced efficiency in cold temperatures. Here’s why:

• Battery efficiency drops – lithium-ion batteries work best in moderate temperatures. Cold weather slows down chemical reactions within the battery, reducing efficiency and temporarily decreasing range.
• Longer charging times – in low temperatures, charging can take longer because the battery management system limits charging speed to protect the cells.
• Increased energy consumption – heating the cabin, seats and defrosting windows all consume additional energy, further reducing driving range.
• Reduced regenerative braking – cold temperatures can limit the effectiveness of regenerative braking, as the battery may not accept energy as efficiently.

Tips for Driving an EV in Cold Weather

To ensure a smooth and efficient winter driving experience, follow these key tips:

• Precondition the battery – many EVs allow you to preheat the battery and cabin while the car is still plugged in, conserving battery power for driving.
• Park in a garage or sheltered area – keeping your EV in a warmer space helps maintain battery efficiency and reduces the energy needed for heating.
• Use Eco Mode – most EVs have an eco-driving mode that limits power consumption and maximises efficiency.
• Limit use of cabin heating – instead of blasting the heater, use heated seats and steering wheels, which consume less power.
• Plan for reduced range – be aware that range can drop by 10-20% in colder months. Factor this into your journey planning and ensure you have adequate charge.
• Use slow charging overnight – a slower charge generates less heat stress and keeps the battery at an optimal temperature.